| Queen's University at Kingston | |
|---|---|
Queen's University coat of arms |
|
| Motto | Latin: Sapientia et Doctrina Stabilitas |
| Motto in English | Wisdom and knowledge shall be the stability of thy times[1] |
| Established | October 16, 1841[2] |
| Type | Public University |
| Endowment | $527.4 million[3] |
| Chancellor | David A. Dodge |
| Vice-Chancellor | Daniel Woolf |
| Rector | Nick Francis |
| Principal | Daniel Woolf |
| Academic staff | 2,436[4] |
| Students | 23,883[4] |
| Undergraduates | 14,951[4] |
| Postgraduates | 3,580[4] |
| Other students | 5,325[4] |
| Location | Kingston, Ontario, Canada |
| Campus | Urban main campus, 40 ha (99 acres) Urban west campus 27 ha (67 acres)[5] |
| Former names | Queen's College at Kingston (1841–1912)[2] |
| Colours | Blue, Gold and Red [6] |
| Sports | Queen's Golden Gaels |
| Mascot | Boo Hoo the Bear[7] |
| Affiliations | ACU, ATS, AUCC, CARL, CBIE, COU, CUSID, Fields Institute, U15, IAU, MAISA, MNU, OUA |
Queen's University at Kingston[2][8][9][10] (commonly shortened to Queen's University or Queen's), is a public research university located in Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Founded on 16 October 1841, the university pre-dates the founding of Canada by 26 years.[2] Queen's holds more than 1,400 hectares (3,500 acres) of land throughout Ontario as well as Herstmonceux Castle in East Sussex, England.[5] Queen's is organized into ten undergraduate, graduate and professional faculties and schools.[11]
The Church of Scotland established Queen's College in 1841 with a royal charter from Queen Victoria. The first classes, intended to prepare students for the ministry, were held March 7, 1842 with 13 students and 2 professors.[12] Queen's was the first university west of the maritime provinces to admit women, and to form a student government. In 1883, a women's college for medical education was established affiliated with Queen's University. In 1888, Queen's University began offering extension courses, becoming the first Canadian university to do so.[2] In 1912, Queen's was transformed into a secular school. It was also then that the college changed its name to its present legal name.
Queen's is a coeducational university, with more than 23,000 students.[4] Alumni and former students of the university can be found all across Canada and in 156 countries around the world.[13] Queen's varsity teams, known as the Gaels compete in the Ontario University Athletics conference of the Canadian Interuniversity Sport.
Contents |
The university was established as Queen's College at Kingston in 16 October 1841 by a royal charter issued through Queen Victoria. The establishment of Queen's resulted from years of effort from Presbyterians of Upper Canada to found a college for the education of ministers in the growing colony and to instruct the youth in various branches of sciences and literature. With the college modelled after the University of Edinburgh and the University of Glasgow, classes began on 7 March 1842, in a small wood-frame house on the edge of the city with two professors and 13 students. The college had moved around Kingston several times during its first eleven years, before settling in its present location.[2] Prior to Canadian Confederation, the college was financially supported by the Presbyterian Church in Scotland, the Canadian government, and private citizens. After Confederation however, the college faced ruin when the federal government withdrew its funding and the Commercial Bank of the Midland District collapsed, a disaster which cost Queen's two-thirds of its endowment. With the risk of financial ruin, the college was rescued after Principal William Snodgrass and other officials had managed a fundraising campaign across Canada.[2][14]
Risk of financial ruin continued to worry college's administration until the last decade of the century, with talk of leaving Kingston and merging with the University of Toronto as the only means of avoiding financial failure emerging as late as the 1880s.[2] With the additional funds bequeathed from Queen's first major benefactor, Robert Sutherland, the college had managed to stave off financial failure and maintain its institutional independence.[15] Queen's College in Kingston was given university status on May 17, 1881.[12] In 1883, Women's Medical College was founded at Queen's with a class of 3.[12]
In 1912, Queen's separated from the Presbyterian Church of Scotland and changed its name to Queen's University at Kingston.[2] Queen's Theological College remained in the control of the Presbyterian Church in Canada, until 1925, when it joined the United Church of Canada, where it remains today.[10] The university had faced another financial crisis during World War I, with a sharp drop in enrolment due to the enlistment of students, staff, and faculty. A C$1,000,000 fundraising drive and the armistice in 1918 had managed to save the university from risk of financial failure.[2] Approximately 1,500 students participated in the World War I and 187 died.[16] Months before Canada joined the World War II, US President Franklin D. Roosevelt, came to Queen's to accept an honorary degree and, in a broadcast heard around the world, voiced the American policy of mutual alliance and friendship with Canada.[17] 2,917 Queen's graduates had served during World War II and 164 dead.[18] The Memorial Room in Memorial Hall of the John Deutsch University Centre lists those Queen's students who fell during both world wars.[19]
Queen's grew quickly after the war, propelled by the expanding postwar economy and the first stirrings of the demographic boom that peaked in the 1960s. From 1951 to 1961, enrolment increased from just over 2000 students to more than 3000.[2] The university embarked on an ambitious building program, constructing five student residences in less than ten years. Following the reorganization of legal education in Ontario in the mid-1950s, Queen's Faculty of Law opened in 1957 in the newly-built John A. Macdonald Hall. Other major additions to Queen's in the 1950s were the construction of Richardson Hall to house Queen's administrative offices, and Dunning Hall.[2] By the end of the 1960s', like many other universities in Canada, Queen's tripled its enrolment and greatly expanded its faculty, staff, and facilities, as a result of the aging baby boomers and generous support from the public sector. By the mid-1970s, the number of full-time students had reached 10,000.[2] Among the new facilities were three more residences and separate buildings for the Departments of Mathematics, Physics, Biology and Psychology, and for the Social Sciences and the Humanities. The period also saw the establishment at Queen's of Schools of Music, Public Administration (now part of Policy Studies), Rehabilitation Therapy, and Urban and Regional Planning. The establishment of the Faculty of Education in 1968 on land about a kilometre west of the university had also marked the beginning of the university's west campus.[2]
Queen's celebrated its sesquicentennial anniversary in 1991, and received a visit from Charles, Prince of Wales, and his then-wife, Diana, to mark the occasion. The Prince of Wales presented a replica of the 1841 Royal Charter granted by Queen Victoria, which had established the university; the replica is displayed in the John Deutsch University Centre.[20] The first woman chancellor of Queen's University, Agnes Richardson Benidickson, was installed on October 23, 1980.[12] In 1993, Queen's received Herstmonceux Castle as a donation from alumnus Alfred Bader. The castle is presently used by the university as the Bader International Study Centre at Herstmonceux Castle.[2]
In 2001 the Senate Educational Equity Committee (SEEC) conducted a study of the experiences of visible minority and Aboriginal faculty members at Queen's after a black female professor left Queen's University alleging that she had experienced racism.[21] Following this survey SEEC commissioned a study found that many perceived a 'Culture of Whiteness' at the university.[22] The report concluded that “white privilege and power continues to be reflected in the Eurocentric curricula, traditional pedagogical approaches, hiring, promotion and tenure practices, and opportunities for research” at Queen’s.[23] The university's response to the report has been the subject of continuing debate.[24] The administration has implemented measures to promote diversity since 2006, such as the establishment of a position of diversity advisor and the hiring of "dialogue monitors" to facilitate discussions on social justice. While such programs are credited as having good intentions there is skepticism that they will be adequate in addressing social inequalities at Queen's.[21]
In May 2010, Queen's University joined the Matariki Network of Universities, an international group of universities created in 2010, which focuses on strong links between research and undergraduate teaching.[25][26]
Much of the Queen's campus consists of old picturesque limestone buildings and unique Romanesque Revival and neo-gothic architecture.,[27][28] Indeed, several buildings are over a century old, including Summerhill (1839), Old Medical (1858), Etherington House (1879), Theological Hall (1880), Carruthers Hall (1890), Victoria School (1892) {now part of Goodes Hall}, Ontario Hall (1903), Kingston Hall (1903), Grant Hall (1905), and Kathleen Ryan Hall (1907).[29] The main campus contains most of the teaching and administrative buildings packed into a relatively small space; walking time from one end of campus to the other is approximately 15 minutes.
Queen's University includes a number of residences: Adelaide Hall; Ban Righ Hall; Chown Hall; Gordon House; Brockington House; Graduate Residence; Harkness Hall; John Orr Tower Apartments; Leggett Hall; Leonard Hall; McNeill House; Morris Hall; Victoria Hall; Waldron Tower; and Watts Hall. Jean Royce Hall (Phase I) includes: Angus House; Boucher House; Bryce House; Curran House; Douglas House; Healey House and Laird House. Jean Royce Hall (Phase II) includes: Miller House; Roy House; Shortliffe House; Tracy House; and Trotter House.[30]
Adjacent to the campus, and within the same walking distance, is the Kingston General Hospital which is affiliated with Queen's, and is a designated National Historic Site of Canada as it served as the location of the first parliament of the Province of Canada in 1841. There is also a smaller expansion known as "West Campus", which is approximately 1 km (0.62 mi) west of the main campus limits. The West Campus holds additional student residences, Duncan McArthur Hall (which houses the Faculty of Education), and Richardson Memorial Stadium (home of the Queen's Gaels), along with more sports fields. Leonard Hall (1959) and Leonard Field are named in honour of Lieutenant-Colonel Reuben Wells Leonard on land given by him to Queen's in 1923.[31]
On September 11, 2007, Queen's announced the purchase of the former Federal Prison for Women, a 3.3-hectare (8.2-acre) parcel of land that served as a correctional facility from 1934 to 2000, and was then sold by the Canada Lands Corporation.[32] Although plans have not been officially announced, it is expected that the Prison for Women site will ultimately house the Queen's University Archives, currently stored on main campus in Kathleen Ryan Hall. The former prison is located adjacent to West Campus. Using funds donated by notable alumnus Dr. Alfred Bader to build a performing arts centre, Queen's has also purchased the 1.2-hectare (3.0-acre)} J. K. Tett Centre, a waterfront property with historical buildings home to many artistic and community organizations.[33]
Although the campus is relatively small and the buildings densely packed, there are many open green spaces and trees that create a park-like atmosphere. The campus is on the shore of Lake Ontario and has easy access to two lake-front parks, favourite locations for students to relax. The campus is also located approximately 10 minutes' walk from the city's downtown.
About 50 km (31 mi), north of Kingston, the Queen's University Biological Station provides research facilities for faculty, students, and visiting scholars. The 2,650 hectares (6,500 acres) campus on Lake Opinicon consists of 35 buildings including several laboratories, conference rooms, guest rooms, and a library.[34]
At present, the Queen's library collections contain over 2.6 million individual items.[35] Maclean's magazine reports that Queen's ranks first among Canadian universities, in the Medical / Doctoral category, in per capita library volumes per student (with 352), and fourth in overall holdings (behind the University of Toronto, the University of Alberta, and the University of British Columbia).[36]
Libraries on the Queen's campus include:
Additional library locations:
Sustainability initiatives at Queen's University have focused on waste diversion, energy conservation, hazardous waste management, green power, and green construction policies.[37] Queen's is also home to Beamish-Munroe Hall, which is considered one of Canada's most environmentally advanced buildings.[38] A student Sustainability Coordinator assists University administrators in implementing campus sustainability programs.[39] Queen's Office of Sustainability was established in 2008, in order to promote sustainability initiatives on campus and create greater awareness of issues relating to environmental sustainability among members of the community.[40] In 2009, the Sustainable Endowments Institute awarded Queen's University a "B-" for its campus sustainability initiatives.[41]
Queen’s has completed an agreement with Novelis Inc. to acquire a 20-hectare (49-acre) property adjacent to the company's research and development centre in Kingston.[42] The agreement is part of the plan to establish an innovative technology park located at the corner of Princess and Concession streets, which is to be called Innovation Park at Queen's University. The property was acquired for $5.3 million, a portion of the $21 million grant Queen's received from the Ontario government last spring to pioneer this innovative new regional R&D "co-location" model.[42]
Queen's has also reached an agreement to lease approximately 7,900 square metres (85,000 sq ft) of the Novelis R&D facilities to accommodate both faculty-led research projects that have industrial partners and small and medium-size companies with a research focus and a desire to interact with Queen's researchers.[42] The remainder of the government funds will go toward further development of the technology park to transform the property into a welcoming and dynamic site for business expansion and relocation.
The Bader International Study Centre (BISC) is housed in Herstmonceux Castle, which was donated to Queen's in 1993 by alumnus Alfred Bader.[43] Herstmonceux Castle is in southern England and provides a base for field studies by its students generally in southern England. The courses available range from English Literature to Geography to Mathematics, with many of the courses specially designed to take advantage of the location of the BISC. Instructors and students are not exclusively from Queen's, but attend from across Canada, the United States, Mexico, Europe, Japan, China, Scandinavia and elsewhere.
Students attend classes Monday through Thursday and are encouraged to use their three day weekend to experience Europe. Field trips are required for all courses, although some are more field trip heavy than others (e.g. history and art history). There are also Mid-Term Trips that are included in the programme fees. In the past, the Fall semester trip has been to Scotland and Northern England, while the Winter semester trip has been to Paris, Brussels and Bruges. These include some course-specific field trips and other general cultural trips for the entire student body. Spring term has seen Mid-Term Trips to Dieppe, while the Summer term Mid-Term Trip in the past has been to London, owing to the short nature of the term.
Herstmonceux Castle is famous for its gardens and grounds, as well as its proximity to the old Royal Observatory but students at the BISC can also enjoy a small gymnasium and a student pub within the Castle called the Headless Drummer.
In October 2004, Queen's University announced a multi-million dollar plan to create a sports and recreation complex called the "Queen's Centre" over two city blocks. It is expected to take more than ten years from design to completion. The plans include the building of a six-lane track, an Olympic-sized arena, 25-metre pool, eight basketball courts, substantially more gathering and meeting space than is currently available, fitness, aerobic, locker and food space, and a new home for the School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (formerly School of Physical and Health Education). The project will be completed in three phases, the earliest of which was completed in December 2009. This first phase includes the new Varsity Gymnasium, public food court, club areas, aquatic centre, fitness and weight centre and School of Kinesiology and Health Studies.
The development of the Queen's Centre marks the largest construction project in the university's history,[44] however it remains controversial with both current students and alumni. Much of the controversy surrounding the project relates to debates over financial priorities and a perceived lack of foresight by former Principal Karen Hitchcock, whose administration initiated the project.[45]
In an effort to cope with the large costs involved in the groundbreaking project, the university has developed an intensive fundraising campaign, led by David J. Mitchell, former vice-principal of advancement, which will aim to attract "million-dollar-plus"[46] donations from alumni and large corporations. The campaign target is set at $132 million, making it one of the most ambitious fundraising campaigns in the history of Canadian universities.[47] The Queen's university's student government has already made an historic contribution to the campaign, pledging "$25.5 million in fees over nine years from student surcharges",[48] the largest sum ever donated to a university by its students.[49]
During the summer of 2009, it was announced by the university that Phase One of the Queen's Centre would officially open on August 31, 2009. However, a massive flood, caused by a major thunderstorm in August, damaged the new gymnasium floor and knocked out the building's electrical system, leading to further delays; the storm also caused flooding elsewhere in Kingston. Phase One eventually opened on December 1, 2009, and the projected cost of Phase One is now $169 million (Canadian). Varsity competition in the new facility began January, 2010.[50]
Other Queen's-affiliated centres include:
The governance of the university is conducted through the Board of Trustees, the Senate, and the University Council, all three of which are currently established under the Royal Charter of 1841.[8] The Board is responsible for the university's conduct, management, and control of the university and of its property, revenues, business, and affairs.[53] Ex officio governors of the Board include the university's chancellor, principle and the rector. The Board also consists of 34 other trustees, 33 of which are elected by the various members of the university's community, including elected representatives from the student body. The representative from Queen's Theological College is the only trustee that is appointed to their position.[53]
The Senate is responsible for determining all matters of academic character affecting the university as a whole, including student discipline.[54] The Senate consists of 17 ex officio positions granted to the chancellor, the principle, the vice-principles of the university, the senior dean of each faculty, dean of student affairs, the deputy provost, and the presidents of the undergraduate, graduate and faculty associations. The Senate also consists of 55 other members, appointed or elected by the various communities of the university including elected representatives of the student body.[54]
The Royal Charter of 1841 was amended to include the University Council in 1874. The Council is a composite of the Board of Trustees, Senators and an equal number of elected graduates. It serves as both an advisory and an ambassadorial body to the university as a whole and is responsible for the election of the Chancellor.[55] Although it is not directly involved in operations, the Council may bring to the Senate or Board of Trustees any matter that it believes affects Queen's well-being. The Council meets once per year, typically in May.[55]
The chancellor is the highest officer and the ceremonial head of the university. The office was created in 1874 and first filled in 1877, although it was only enshrined in law in 1882 after its amendment into the Royal Charter of 1841. The chancellor presides over convocations, confers degrees, and chairs the annual meetings of the Council and is an ex officio, voting member of the Board of Trustees. The chancellor is elected to a three-year term by the Council unless there is more than one candidate, in which case an election is conducted among Queen's graduates.[56]
The principal acts as the chief executive officer of the university under the authority of the Board and the Senate, and supervises and directs the academic and administrative work of the university and of its teaching and non-teaching staff.[8] As of 1974, principals have been appointed for five-year terms, renewable subject to review. The formal authority for the appointment of the Principal rests under the Royal Charter with the Board of Trustees although recent principals have been selected by a joint committee of Trustees and Senators.[57] Daniel Woolf is the twentieth principal of the university, serving the post since 1 September 2009.[58] The office of the vice-chancellor has typically been held by the incumbent principal of the university. In 1961, an amendment had been secured by the Board to separate the office of principal from vice-chancellor if it wished. The first, and only person to ever hold the office of vice-chancellor, and not the office of principal concurrently was William Archibald Mackintosh.[59]
The university had completed the 2009–2010 year with revenues of $391.4 million, expenses of $397.8 million, a budget deficit of $6.4 million. Government grants had made up 49.5 percent of the 2010-11 operating budget for Queen's. Student fees made up 43.3 percent of the 2010-11 operating budget.[3] As of 30 April 2010, Queen's financial endowment was valued at C$527.241 million.[3]
Queen's is a publicly funded research university, and a member of the Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada.[60][61] The full-time undergraduate programs comprise the majority of the school's enrolment, made up of 14,951 full time undergraduate students.[4] In 2009 the two largest programs by enrolment were the social sciences, with 3,286 full time and part time students, followed by engineering, with 3,097 full time and part time students.[62] The university conferred 3,232 bachelor degrees, 153 doctoral degrees, 1,142 master degrees, and 721 first professional degrees in 2008–2009.[63]
Students may apply for financial aid such as the Ontario Student Assistance Program and Canada Student Loans and Grants through the federal and provincial governments. The financial aid provided may come in the form of loans, grants, bursaries, scholarships, fellowships, debt reduction, interest relief, and work programs.[64] In the 2010-11 academic year, Queen's provides $36.5 million worth of student financial assistance in the form of both need-based and merit-based assistance.[3]
| University rankings | |
|---|---|
| Queen's University | |
| ARWU World[65] | 201-300 |
| THE-WUR World[66] | 173 |
| Canadian rankings | |
| ARWU National[67] | 9-18 |
| Maclean's Medical/Doctoral[68] | 4 |
Queen's University has consistently been ranked one of Canada's top universities. The 2011-2012 Times Higher Education World University Rankings placed Queen's 173th in the world, and seventh in Canada.[66] The 2011 QS World University Rankings ranked the university 144th in the world and sixth in Canada.[69] According to the 2011 Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) rankings, the university ranked 201-300th in the world.[65] In terms of national rankings, Maclean's ranked Queen's 4th in their 2011 Medical Doctoral university rankings.[68]
Queen's School of Business's full-time MBA program has also received significant recognition. The school was ranked second in the world outside of the United States by BusinessWeek magazine's biannual ranking of MBA programmes in November 2010.[70] Queen's University Faculty of Law was also ranked fourth nationally in Maclean's 2011 rankings for common law schools in Canada.[71]
In Research Infosource's 2011 ranking of Canada's 50 top research universities, Queen's was ranked 11th, with a sponsored research income of $197.016 million. With an average of $237,900 per faculty member, Queen's was also ranked the sixth most research-intensive university.[72] The federal government is the largest source of funding, providing 49.8 percent of Queen's research budget, primarily through grants. Corporations contribute around 26.3 percent of the overall research budget.[73] In terms of research performance, High Impact Universities 2010 ranked Queen's 185th out of 500 universities.[74] The Higher Education Evaluation and Accreditation Council of Taiwan (HEEACT), an organization which also evaluates universities based on their scientific paper's performances, ranked Queen's 272nd in the world.[75]
The university is also a participates in research at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory. The project director of the observatory, Arthur B. McDonald, is a member of the university's physics department. The observatory managed the SNO experiment, which demonstrated that the solution to the solar neutrino problem was that neutrinos change flavour (type) as they propagate through the Sun. The SNO experiment was also credited with proving that a non-zero mass neutrino exists. This was a major breakthrough in cosmology.[76]
Queen's University currently has a joint venture with McGill University, operating an academic publishing house known as the McGill-Queen's University Press. The university press publishes original peer-reviewed and books in all areas of the social sciences and humanities. While the press's emphasis is on providing an outlet for Canadian authors and scholarship, the press also publishes authors come from across Canada and throughout the world.[77] The university press currently has over 2,800 books in print.[78] The publishing house was known as the McGill University Press in 1963 prior to it being amalgamated with Queen's in 1969.[79]
The requirements for admission differ between students from Ontario, other provinces in Canada, and international students due to the lack of uniformity in marking schemes. The average entry grade of full-time, first-year students was about 87 percent in fall 2009, with the fall 2009 acceptance rate at 49 percent.[80] The graduation rate at Queen's is 89.8 percent, compared with a graduation rate average across all universities in Ontario of 78.3 percent.[81]
The application process emphasizes on Personal Statement of Experience (PSE). PSEs is a mandatory part of the admissions process in which the student is to submit a statement regarding a person's experience may contribute to the university. The PSE focuses on the applicants qualifications and involvements outside of academic grades that plays an important factor in determining whether a student is admitted. Several faculties require applicants to also submit a supplementary essay along with their PSEs.[82]
The two main student unions on administrative and policy issues is the Alma Mater Society of Queen's University for all undergraduate students and the Society of Graduate and Professional Students for graduate students.[83][84] The Alma Mater Society of Queen's University is the oldest undergraduate student government in Canada.[83] The Alma Mater Society recognizes more than 170 student clubs and organizations.[85] All accredited extracurricular organizations at Queen's falls under the jurisdiction of either the Alma Mater Society, or the Society of Graduate and Professional Students.[86] The organizations and clubs accredited at Queen's cover a wide range of interests including academics, culture, religion, social issues, and recreation. The oldest accredited club at Queen's is the Queen's Debating Union, which was formed in 1843.[87][88] The Dialectic Society had also served as a form of student government, until the Alma Mater Society was formed from the dialectic society in 1858.[89] The Queen's Bands is a student marching band founded in 1905, which claims to be the largest and oldest student marching band in Canada.[90] Fraternities and sororities have been banned at the university, since a ruling made by the Alma Mater Society in 1933. The ruling was passed in response to the formation of two fraternities in the 1920s. No accredited sororities have ever existed at Queen's.[91]
The university's student population operates a number of media outlets throughout the campus environment. The Queen's Journal, is Queen's main student newspaper. The Queen's Journal publish two issues a week and once a week in the last month of each semester, totalling 40 issues in an academic year. The newspaper was established in 1873, making it one of the oldest student newspapers in Canada.[92] The other weekly student publication from Queen's is the Golden Words, which is a weekly humour publication, that is managed by the Engineering Society.[93]
Queen's student population also runs a radio station, CFRC. Queen's radio station is the longest running campus-based broadcaster in the world, and the second longest running radio station in the world, surpassed only by the Marconi companies. The first public broadcast of the station was on October 27, 1923 when the football game between Queen's and McGill was called play-by-play. Since 2001, the station broadcasts on a 24-hour schedule.[94] Since 1980, the university also has a student-run television service, known as Queen's TV. Queen's TV airs every weekday on its website, and every Wednesday on local television.[95]
Sport teams at Queen's University are known as the Golden Gaels. The Golden Gaels sports teams participate in the Canadian Interuniversity Sport's Ontario University Athletics conference for most varsity sports. Varsity teams at Queen's currently include basketball, cross country, Canadian football, ice hockey, rowing, rugby, soccer and volleyball. The athletics program at Queen's University dates back to 1873. With 39 regional and national championships, Queen's football program has secured championships than any other sport team at Queen's, and more than any other football team in Canada.[96] The Gaels are also one of the only two universities to have claimed Grey Cups (1922, 1923 and 1924), currently the championship trophy for the Canadian Football League, with the other being the University of Toronto. Queen’s also competed for the Stanley Cup in 1894-95, 1898–99 and 1905-06.[96]
Queen's University has a number of athletic facilities open to both their varsity teams as well as to their students. The stadium with the largest seating capacity at Queen's is Richardson Memorial Stadium. Built in 1971, the stadium seats over 10,000 and is home to the varsity football team.[97] The stadium has also played host for a number of international games including Canada's second round 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification games and the inaugural match for the Colonial Cup, an international rugby league challenge match.[98] Other facilities at Queen's includes the Athletic and Recreation Centre, which houses a number of gymnasiums, pools and is also home to the university's basketball and volleyball programs, Tindall Field, a multi-season playing field and jogging track, Kingston Field, home to the school's rugby teams, and West Campus Fields, which is used by a number of Gaels teams and clubs as well as a number of Queen's intramural leagues.[99][100][101][102]
The coat of arms appeared as early as 1850, but was not registered with the College of Arms until 1953. The coat of arms was registered with the Scottish equivalent of the College of Arms, the Lord Lyon King of Arms, in 1981 and with the Canadian Heraldic Authority during Queen's sesquicentennial celebrations in 1991. The coat of arms is based off the University of Edinburgh, the institution after which Queen's was modelled.[103]
The Coat of Arms consists of a gold shield with red edges, divided into four triangular compartments by a blue, diagonal St. Andrew's Cross, with a golden book, symbolizing learning, sits open at the centre of the cross. In each of the four compartments is an emblem of the university's Canadian and British origins: a pine tree for Canada, a thistle for Scotland, a rose for England, and a shamrock for Ireland. The border is decorated with eight gold crowns, symbolic of Queen Victoria and the university's Royal Charter.[103]
Queen's motto, chosen from Isaiah 33:6, is "Sapientia et Doctrina Stabilitas". The Latin motto is literally translated as "Wisdom and knowledge shall be the stability of thy times," and has been in use since the 1850s.[1] A number of songs are commonly played and sung at various events such as commencement, convocation, and athletic games, including the "Queen's College Colours" (1897) also known as "Our University Yell" and "Oil Thigh", with words by A.E. Lavell, sung to the tune 'John Brown's Body'.[104] Oil Thigh, which was created in 1891, consists of the old song "Queen's College Colours". The name "Oil Thigh" comes from the chorus of the song, which begins with the gaelic words oil thigh. The current rendition of the song was crafted in 1985, when a line was changed to include Queen's woman athletes in the cheer.[105]
Queen's official colours are gold, blue, and red. The colours were chosen in 1884 by a committee of the president of the alma mater society and the captains of the university's football and soccer teams.[106] The three colours of Queen's are also the colours used on the flag of Queen's. The flag is three vertical stripes of the school colours: blue, yellow, and red. In the upper left corner on the blue stripe is a crown in yellow symbolizing the University's royal charter.[107] The university also has a ceremonial flag, which is reserved only for official university uses. The ceremonail flag is a square design of the Queen's coat of arms.[108]
The university also has a tartan made up of six colours, each representing a different academic discipline taught at Queen's. The colours and the academic disciplines they represent are: blue (medicine), red (arts & science), gold (applied science), white (nursing science), green (commerce & MBA), and Purple (theology). The tartan was created in 1966 by Judge John Matheson.[109]
Queen's graduates have found success in a variety of fields, serving at the heads of diverse institutions both in the public and private sector. There are currently over 131,000 alumni in 156 countries.[13] Queen's faculty and graduates have accumulated numerous awards including Turing Award and the Victoria Cross.[110][111][112] As of 2009, 56 Queen's students and graduates have been awarded the Rhodes Scholarship.[113]
A number of notable politicians have held the position as Chancellor at the university including Robert Borden, Prime Minister of Canada, Roland Michener, Governor General of Canada, and provincial premiers Peter Lougheed and Charles Avery Dunning.[114][115][116][117] Many alumni have gained international prominence for serving in government, such as Prince Takamado, member of the Imperial House of Japan;[118] and Kenneth O. Hall, formerly Governor General of Jamaica.[119] Two Canadian premiers also graduated from Queen's, William Aberhart, the 7th Premier of Alberta and Frank McKenna, the 27th Premier of New Brunswick.[120][121] Sandford Fleming, an engineer and inventor who was known for proposing worldwide standard time zones had also served as the Chancellor of Queen's.[122]
A number of prominent business leaders studied at Queen's. Examples include Derek Burney, former chairman and CEO of Bell Canada,[123] Donald J. Carty, chairman of Virgin America and Porter Airlines and former chairman and CEO of AMR Corporation,[124] Earle McLaughlin, former president and CEO of Royal Bank of Canada,[125] Gordon Nixon, president and CEO of the Royal Bank of Canada,[126] and Elon and Kimbal Musk, founders of OneRiot, SpaceX and Tesla Motors.[127][128] David A. Dodge, the former Governor of the Bank of Canada and the university's current chancellor is similarly a Queen's graduate.[129]
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